Muzochita zopanga nthawi yayitali, anthu afotokozera mwachidule malamulo ambiri.Ngati mfundozi zikhoza kutsatiridwa pakupanga dera, zidzakhala zopindulitsa kuwongolera molondola kwabolodi losindikizidwa (PCB)pulogalamu yoyang'anira ndi magwiridwe antchito amtundu wa hardware.Mwachidule, mfundo zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi izi:
(1) Ponena za mapangidwe a zigawo, zigawo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake ziyenera kuikidwa pafupi kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, jenereta wa wotchi, crystal oscillator, mawotchi olowera kumapeto kwa CPU, ndi zina zambiri, amatha kupanga phokoso.Akayikidwa, ayenera kuyikidwa pafupi.
(2) Yesani kukhazikitsa ma capacitor odulira pafupi ndi zida zazikulu monga ROM, RAM ndi tchipisi zina.Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa poyika ma capacitors ophatikizira:
1) Mapeto amphamvu amagetsi a board osindikizidwa (PCB) amalumikizidwa ndi electrolytic capacitor pafupifupi 100uF.Ngati voliyumu ilola, mphamvu yokulirapo ingakhale yabwinoko.
2) M'malo mwake, 0.1uF ceramic chip capacitor iyenera kuyikidwa pambali pa chipangizo chilichonse cha IC.Ngati kusiyana kwa bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) kuli kochepa kwambiri kuti lisayikidwe, 1-10uF tantalum capacitor ikhoza kuyikidwa kuzungulira tchipisi 10 zilizonse.
3) Pazigawo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zofooka zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza komanso zosungirako monga RAM ndi ROM zokhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu komweko pozimitsa, ma capacitor odulira ayenera kulumikizidwa pakati pa chingwe chamagetsi (VCC) ndi waya pansi (GND).
4) Kuwongolera kwa capacitor sikuyenera kukhala motalika kwambiri.Makamaka, ma capacitor odutsa pafupipafupi osindikizira (PCB) sayenera kunyamula zitsogozo.
(3) Zolumikizira nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa bolodi la dera kuti zithandizire kukhazikitsa ndi kuyimitsa ntchito kumbuyo.Ngati palibe njira, ikhoza kuikidwa pakati pa bolodi, koma yesetsani kupewa kutero.
(4) M'makonzedwe azinthu zamagulu, ubwino wa wiring uyenera kuganiziridwa momwe zingathere.Kwa madera omwe ali ndi mawaya ambiri, malo okwanira ayenera kuikidwa pambali kuti asatseke mawaya.
(5) Dera la digito ndi dera la analogi liyenera kukonzedwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana.Ngati ndi kotheka, danga la 2-3mm pakati pawo liyenera kukhala loyenera kupewa kusokonezana.
(6) Kwa mabwalo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yotsika komanso yotsika, malo opitilira 4mm ayenera kuyikidwa pakati pawo kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwamagetsi okwanira.
(7) Mapangidwe a zigawo ayenera kukhala mwaukhondo ndi okongola momwe angathere.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-16-2020
